«Mechanisms for Ensuring Migration Security in the United States of America (2017-2025)»
Students Name: Kalashnyk Sofiia Tymurivna
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: International Relations
Institute: Institute of the Humanities and Social Sciences
Mode of Study: part
Academic Year: 2025-2026 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: Analysis of the mechanisms for guaranteeing migration security in the USA during the 2017–2025 period, covering the radical policy transformations under the administrations of Donald Trump and Joseph Biden. The research reveals the cyclical nature of the policy, swinging between the “security-first paradigm” (D. Trump) and a “hybrid, humanitarian-reactive approach” (J. Biden), and analyzes the return to harsh, militarized measures in the second Trump administration (2025). Study object – the processes of forming and implementing US state policy in the field of ensuring migration security. Scope of research – the mechanisms, tools, and practical foundations for guaranteeing migration security in the USA during the 2017–2025 period. The goal of this research – the comprehensive analysis of mechanisms for guaranteeing migration security in the USA (2017–2025), their effectiveness, and prospects for improvement. In this Master’s thesis, a comparative analysis of the mechanisms for guaranteeing migration security under the administrations of Donald Trump and Joseph Biden was conducted. It is determined that D. Trump’s policy (2017–2021) was characterized by stringent, restrictive control methods: the construction of the wall on the border with Mexico, the “Zero Tolerance” policy, and restrictions on both legal and humanitarian immigration [1, 5]. In turn, the Biden administration (2021–2024) attempted to restore the humanitarian approach and reform the immigration system, but was forced to resort to strict measures in the face of crisis, including retaining Title 42 and implementing restrictions on asylum grants through CBP One [4, 7]. Attention is focused on the role of internal political institutions of the USA, such as the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), ICE, USCIS, CBP, and the judiciary, which play a key role in the implementation and restriction of policy [2, 6]. It is concluded that the key challenges of contemporary policy remain: political polarization and the inability of Congress to pass reform, the crisis on the southern border (irregular flows and humanitarian challenges), the instability of legal statuses for millions of migrants, and economic factors (labor demand and exploitation) [3]. Keywords: migration security, USA, Donald Trump, Joseph Biden, southern border, migration policy, humanitarian parole. References. 1. Гуцало, Л. (2023). Міграційна політика США (за президентства Дональда Трампа). У Інноваційні дослідження та перспективи розвитку науки і техніки у ХХІ столітті (с. 95–98). https://eprints.zu.edu.ua/38117/1/Gucalo.pdf 2. Звьоздная, Т. (2012). Регулювання міграційної політики у США. Актуальні проблеми держави і права : Збірник наук. праць, (65), 457–462. https://dspace.onua.edu.ua/items/995d4059-3624-4d18-a4fa-7d378949a174 3. Калашник, С. Т. (2025). Особливості міграційної політики США у 2017-2025 рр. [Бакалаврська кваліфікаційна робота, Національний університет "Львівська політехніка"]. https://ena.lpnu.ua/items/b732fdca-1155-4086-8cab-574e53fd7300 4. Arthur, A. R. (2025, 10 березня). Trump must assess damage done by biden’s ‘CBP one’ scheme on security at border ports. Center for Immigration Studies. https://cis.org/Arthur/Trump-Must-Assess-Damage-Done-Bidens-CBP-One-Scheme-Security-Border-Ports 5. Bolter, J., Israel, E., & Pierce, S. (2022). Four years of profound change immigration policy during the Trump presidency. Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/mpi-trump-at-4-report-final.pdf 6. Border & immigration. (б. д.). The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/border-immigration/ 7. Norman, K. P., & Martin Gil, A. (2025). Opening doors, hardening borders: Inside Biden’s strategy on mixed migration and the lessons learned for Europe. Mixed Migration Centre. https://mixedmigration.org/resource/biden-usa-migration-policy-and-lessons-for-europe/