Development of an intelligent device for measuring the water level in a drainage system
Students Name: Arabskyi Liubomyr Yuriiovych
Qualification Level: magister
Speciality: Information Technology Design
Institute: Institute of Computer Science and Information Technologies
Mode of Study: full
Academic Year: 2025-2026 н.р.
Language of Defence: ukrainian
Abstract: Arabskyi L. Yu., Oborska O. V. (Supervisor). Development of an intelligent device for measuring water level in a drainage system. Master’s Thesis. — Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, 2025. Extended Abstract The development of an intelligent device for measuring water level in a drainage system is intended for the automated control of liquid levels in reservoirs, drainage wells, or channels that require constant monitoring to prevent flooding [1]. The relevance of this development is driven by the necessity to transition from traditional mechanical or visual water level control methods—which have significant drawbacks such as low accuracy and the need for personnel presence—to more reliable automated electronic systems. The use of non-contact ultrasonic methods ensures accurate real-time monitoring and avoids the corrosive effects of the environment on the sensors [2]. Modern trends in the development of embedded systems demonstrate the importance of using reliable and time-tested architectures for solving industrial automation tasks. This work considers the creation of a device based on the classic 8-bit MOS6502 processor architecture, combining sensor signal processing, memory management, and data display functions [3]. Special attention is paid to the circuit implementation of the computational core and the organization of interaction with peripheral devices. Object of research: The process of automated measurement of distance to the liquid surface and data processing in microprocessor control systems. Subject of research: Methods of hardware implementation of a water level measurement system using the MOS6502 microprocessor, the 82C55A I/O controller, and the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. Goal of research: The design and practical implementation of an effective microprocessor monitoring system that ensures high measurement accuracy, component stability, and clear visual display of results. Research results: During the execution of the master’s thesis, a prototype of the water level measurement device was designed, assembled, and tested. The hardware implementation of the system is based on an architecture that includes the following key nodes: Central Processing Module. The MOS6502 microprocessor was selected as the main computational core of the system, managing all data exchange processes on the system bus [4]. Memory Subsystem. The AT28C256 EEPROM chip was used to store program code, and the CY62256-70PC static random-access memory (SRAM) was used for operational data [5]. Input/Output Module. Interaction with external devices is implemented via the 82C55A Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) [6]. Sensor and Indication Subsystem. Distance reading to the water is performed by the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor [7], and data output is displayed on the HY1602E liquid crystal display [8]. Practical experiments have shown that the developed system ensures stable water level measurement with high accuracy, and the use of the 82C55A controller allows for effective management of peripherals. Scientific and practical significance: The proposed solution can serve as a basis for creating budget-friendly monitoring systems for drainage systems and pumping stations, as well as educational stands for studying microprocessor technology. The modularity of the design allows the device to be adapted for various automation tasks. Keywords: microprocessor system, MOS6502, water level measurement, HC-SR04, 82C55A, AT28C256, CY62256, HY1602E, drainage system, automation. References Babych M. P., Zhukov I. A. Computer Circuitry: Textbook. Kyiv: MK-Pres, 2004. 412 p. Jackson R. G. Novel Sensors and Sensing. Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing, 2004. 398 p. Zaks R. Programming the 6502. 4th ed. Sybex Inc., 1983. 386 p. MOS Technology Legacy: 6502 Architecture and Its Application in Modern Embedded Systems. Bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National University. Computer Systems and Networks. 2023. No. 4. pp. 15–22. AT28C256 256K Parallel EEPROM Datasheet. Microchip Technology Inc., 2020. URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/doc0006.pdf (accessed: 10.05.2025). Intel 82C55A Programmable Peripheral Interface. Datasheet. Intel Corporation, 1995. 24 p. Alhmiedat T., Samara G. A Low Cost and Simple Ultrasonic Device for Distance Measurement. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 2017. Vol. 6, Issue 4. pp. 1324–1328. Shevchenko O. L. Organization of Information Output to Liquid Crystal Indicators in Microprocessor Control Systems. Automation of Technological and Business Processes. 2022. Vol. 14, No. 2. pp. 45–50.